Various drilling fluid types and introduction

Jan 30, 2023
(1) Dispersed Drilling Fluids Dispersed drilling fluid refers to a water-based drilling fluid formulated with fresh water, bentonite and various treatment agents (referred to as dispersants) that disperse clay and cuttings. It is a kind of...

(1) Dispersed Drilling Fluids

Dispersed drilling fluid refers to a water-based drilling fluid formulated with fresh water, bentonite and various treatment agents (referred to as dispersants) that disperse clay and cuttings. It is a kind of commonly used drilling fluid with a long history of use, simple preparation method and low preparation cost.

(2) Calcium-Treated Drilling Fluids

The composition of the calcium-treated drilling fluid is characterized by a certain concentration (mass concentration) of Ca2+ and a dispersant in the system. Ca2+ undergoes ion exchange with sodium bentonite, which has a strong hydration effect, and converts a part of sodium bentonite into calcium bentonite, thereby reducing the degree of hydration.

(3) Saltwater Drilling Fluids

Brine drilling fluids are formulated with brine (or seawater). It is of this type over the entire range of salinity from 1% (Cl- mass concentration 6000 mg/l) up to saturation (Cl- mass concentration 189000 mg/l). Brine drilling fluid is also a type of drilling fluid that has a strong inhibitory effect on clay hydration.

(4) Saturated Saltwater Drilling Fluids

It refers to the brine drilling fluid system when the NaCl content in the drilling fluid reaches saturation. It can be made with saturated brine, or it can be made into drilling fluid first and then salted to saturation. Saturated brine drilling fluid is mainly used for drilling large sections of rock-salt formations and complex salt-gypsum formations that other water-based drilling fluids are difficult to deal with. It can also be used as completion fluid and workover fluid.

(5) Polymer Drilling Fluids

Polymer drilling fluid is a water-based drilling fluid that uses certain high molecular weight polymers with flocculation and coating functions as the main treatment agent. Due to the existence of these polymers, the various solid phase particles contained in the system can be kept in a relatively coarse particle size range, and at the same time, the drilled rock cuttings are not easily dispersed into fine particles because they are protected by coating in time.

(6) Potassium-Based Polymer Drilling Fluids

Potassium-based polymer drilling fluid is a kind of anti-slump drilling fluid with potassium (or ammonium, calcium) salts of various polymers and KCl as the main treatment agent.

(7) Oil-Based Drilling Fluids

Drilling fluids that use oil (usually diesel or mineral oil) as the continuous phase are called oil-based drilling fluids. At present, ordinary oil-based drilling fluids with a water content below 5% are seldom used, and water-in-oil emulsified drilling fluids with an oil-water ratio in the range of (50-80): (50-20) are mainly used. Compared with water-based drilling fluids, the main characteristics of oil-based drilling fluids are high temperature resistance, strong inhibition, resistance to salt and calcium pollution, good lubricity, and can effectively reduce damage to oil and gas layers, etc. .

(8) Synthetic Drilling Fluids

Synthetic-based drilling fluid is a new type of drilling fluid that uses synthetic organic compounds as the continuous phase, brine as the dispersed phase, and contains emulsifiers, fluid loss reducers, and flow pattern improvers.

(9) Gas-typed Drilling Fluids

Gas-type drilling fluid is mainly suitable for drilling low pressure oil and gas formations, easy leakage formations and some heavy oil formations. It is characterized by low density and fast drilling speed, which can effectively protect oil and gas layers and effectively prevent the occurrence of complex situations such as lost circulation.

(10) Drilling Fluids for Formation Damage Control (Drill-in Fluids Drilling Fluids for Formation Damage Control)

This refers to a type of drilling fluid used when drilling in a reservoir. When a well is drilled to its target layer, the designed drilling fluid should not only meet the requirements of drilling engineering and geology, but also meet the needs of protecting oil and gas layers.

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Various drilling fluid types and introduction

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